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Forensic Medicine

Rules of Thumb for Using Temperature to Determine Time of Death
Equation of De Saram for Determining Time of Death from Temperature
Method of Green and Wright
Method of Fiddes and Patten
Method of Al-Alousi and Anderson
Vitreous Humor Potassium and Estimated Time Since Death
Patterns of Post-Mortem Electrical Excitability of Skeletal Muscle
Complement Cleavage and Time Since Death
Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate and Time of Death
Cerebrospinal Fluid Potassium and Time of Death
Dating Fracture Healing in Children
Thermal Burn (Scalding) from Hot Water Exposure
Dating of Bruises Following Injury
Risk Factors of Shugarman et al for Abuse of a Geriatric Person
Common Features of Injuries Caused by Domestic Violence
Abuse Severity Measure of Leserman et al
Screening for Domestic Violence with the HITS (Hurt, Insulted, Threatened, Screamed) Interview Tool
Risk Factors for Abuse of a Demented Patient
Equation of Wells et al for Predicting Intentional Head Injury in Children Younger Than 3 Years of Age Presenting With Intracranial Hemorrhage
Pediatric Injury Flow Chart for Screening for Child Abuse in Primary Care
Burn Profile of Hight et al for Identifying Possible Child Abuse
Screening for Domestic Violence with the SAFE Questionnaire
Screening Questionnaire of Siegel et al for Use in a Primary Care Pediatric Practice
Montreal Children's Hospital Accident Scan to Detect Possible Child Abuse
Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) for Physical Abuse During Pregnancy
Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA)
Partner Violence Screen (PVS) for Detecting Partner Violence in Primary Care
Checklist of Dubowitz and Black to Evaluate a Child for Neglect
The Conflict Tactic Scales (CTS) Husband or Wife Form A
Clinical Findings That May Indicate Possible Elder Abuse
Family Dynamics That Foster Abuse
Bride Burning or Mutilation
Bruising Patterns of Maguire et al Suggestive for Physical Child Abuse
Categories of Elder Abuse and Maltreatment
Pseudo-Abuse in a Geriatric Patient
Common Findings in a Person Who Commits Elder Abuse
Risk Factors of Hindley et al for Recurrence of Child Maltreatment
Screening Checklist of Hamilton and Browne for Predicting the Risk of Rereferral of a Child for Abuse
Risk Factors of Kyriacou et al for a Woman Being Injured As a Result of Domestic Violence
Neglect of a Geriatric Patient
Probability of Physical Abuse of a Child Based on the Type of Fracture
Ophthalmologic Changes Following Abusive Head Trauma
Causes of Retinal Hemorrhages in a Child Other Than Abusive Head Trauma
Causes of Subdural Hematoma in a Child Other Than Abusive Head Trauma
Causes of a Fracture in a Child Other Than Physical Abuse
Features of Piercecchi-Marti et al for Malnutrition in a Neglected Child
Scoring System of Dunstan et al for Evaluating Bruise Patterns in Children
Clinical Decision Rule of Pierce et al for Evaluating Bruising Characteristics in a Young Child
Skin Conditions in Children That May Be Misinterpreted As Abusive Burns
Pseudo-Abuse Associated with Cutaneous Lesions of Porphyria
Screening Index for Physical Child Abuse (SIPCA) of Chang et al
Risk Factors of Erickson et al for Dating Violence Affecting Adolescent Females
Domestic Maid Abuse
Classification Tree Diagram of Mash et al for Evaluating a Child with Failure to Thrive for Medical Abuse
Screening a Patient with Possible Physical Abuse for a Bleeding Disorder
Estimating Distance from Gun to Victim
Identification of Shotgun Pellet from Size and Weight
Classification of Sherman and Parrish for Shotgun Wounds
Estimation of Effective Shotgun Range from Wound Radiograph
Dimensions of Gunshot Pellets Made from Different Metals
Formula for Relating Diameter and Number in Numbered Shot
Shored (Reinforced) Exit Wound
Equation of Mattoo et al for the Depth of Shot Penetration Based on the Energy to Area of Presentation Ratio (E/a)
Estimating a Shotgun Pellet's Velocity at the Time of Impact
Classification of Ordog et al for Bullet Velocity
Indications of Kemper et al for Performing a CT Scan in a Patient with a Shotgun Wound
Findings Associated with a Ricochet Bullet
Causes for the Absence of Rifling Marks on a Bullet
Stippling and Tattooing in a Gunshot Wound
Russian Roulette
Pseudo-Gunshot Wounds
Lead Snowstorm
Bullet Fragmentation Associated with an Impact During Flight
Muzzle or Barrel Imprint Mark of a Contact Gunshot (Werkgartner's Mark)
Determining the Location of a Shooter
Criteria for Coroner or Medical Examiner Postmortem Examination
Indications and Criteria for Performing a Hospital Autopsy
Criteria for a Private Autopsy
Criteria for Valid Permit to Postmortem Examination
Indications for Performing the Exhumation of a Corpse
Effects of Embalming on a Postmortem Examination
Situations in Which Autopsy Can Provide Significant Diagnoses
Less Invasive Alternatives to a Complete Autopsy
Infant Body Length Estimates from Length of the Long Bones
Pearson's Formulas for Estimating Adult Body Height from Length of Long Bones
Equations of Munoz et al for Estimating Adult Body Height from the Length of Long Bones in a Spanish Population
General and Stature Group Specific Equations of Can Pelin and Duyar for Estimating Height from Tibia Length in a Turkish Population
Equations of Boldsen for Predicting the Height from Long Bones of the Lower Extremity in Europeans
Equations of Kanchan et al for Estimating Height From Foot Length and Breadth
Equations of Agnihotri et al for Estimating Body Height from Foot Length
Equations of Agnihotri et al for Estimating Body Height from Hand Length and Breadth
Equations of Patil and Mody for Estimating Body Height from the Maximal Cephalometric Length of the Skull
Equations of Hauser et al for Estimating Body Height from the Length of the Femur in Polish Adults
Equations of Sanli et al for Estimating Height of an Adult Turk from the Length of the Hands and Feet
Equation of Menezes et al for Estimating the Height of a South Indian Male from the Length of the Sternum
Equations of Giles and Vallandigham for Estimating Height from Foot Length in Young Americans
Foot Length As Percent of Height
Estimation of Age Based on the State of Dental Eruption
Estimation of Age in Chinese Females from Measurements of the Sternum
Age Estimation from Histologic Examination of the Rib and Clavicle
Age Estimation from the Closure of Cranial Sutures
Age Estimation from Examination of the Pubic Symphysis
Estimation of Age Using the Method of Singh and Gunberg for the Quantitative Histology of Bone Fragments
Estimation of Age Based on the Ratio of the D to L Enantiomers of Aspartic Acid in Decalcified Collagen from Human Dentin
Method of Lamendin et al for Age Estimation Based on the Adult Dentition
Method of Liversidge and Molleson for Age Estimation Based on Permanent Tooth Length
Method of Cameriere et al for Estimating the Age of Slovenian Children Using Radiographs of the Wrists
Equation of Babshet et al for Estimating the Age of an Indian from the Pulp to Tooth Area Ratio
Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Radius
Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Ulna
Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Scapula
Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Clavicle
Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Calcaneus
Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Sternum
Determination of Gender Using the Ischiopubic Index
Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Femur
Determination of Gender from Measurements of the Metacarpal and Phalangeal Bones
Determination of Gender from Measurement of the Hipbone and Femur Using the Method of Albanese
Determination of Gender From Measurement of the Supero-Inferior Femoral Neck Diameter in Adult Europeans Using the Equation of Alunni-Perret et al
Determination of Gender From Measurement of the Femoral Epicondylar Breadth of White French Adults Using the Equation of Alunni-Perret et al
Equation of Gualdi-Russo for Determining Gender of Physical Remains Based on Measurements of the Talus
Equations of Aye for Determining Gender from Armspan and Wrist Circumference
Distinguishing Race Based on the Intercondylar Shelf Angle in the Distal Femur
Antemortem Sources of Genetic Material for Identification Studies
Identification Using DNA from Saliva-Containing Items
Weathering of Bones
Mummification of Human Remains
Factors That Can Accelerate Body Decomposition
Stages of Canid-Associated Scavenging of Human Remains
Changes to Human Bones Made by Carnivores
Identification of Tool Marks in Bone and Method of Body Dismemberment
Use of Long Bone Radiographs to Identify Human vs Animal Remains
Actual Size of a Foreign Body Seen in X-Rays
Concordance in Radiographic Features
Risk Factors for Torture
Hooding and Its Variations
Dating Intrauterine Fetal Demise Based on Gross Examination
Estimating Gestational Age from Histology of Fetal Skin
Decision Tree of Keeling et al for the Modified Wigglesworth Classification of Perinatal Death
Classification System of Gardosi et al for Relevant Condition(s) at Fetal Death (ReCoDe)
Dating Intrauterine Fetal Demise Based on Microscopic Examination of Internal Organs
Postmortem Findings in a Neonate or Infant Distinguishing Stillbirth from Live Birth
Diagnosis of Syphilis in a Stillborn Fetus
Algorithm of Wigglesworth for Diagnosing a Stillborn Fetus with Hydrops Fetalis
Criteria for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) of the 1991 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Expert Panel
Criteria of Koehler et al for Simultaneous Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SSIDS)
Risk Factors for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Classification Schema of Randall et al for Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
The San Diego Definition for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS)
Criteria for Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)
Evaluation of Sudden Death During Sexual Intercourse
Commotio Cordis
Differential Diagnosis of Sudden Death in a Patient with Asthma
Sudden Death Associated with Anaphylaxis
Air Embolism in a Woman Associated with Sexual Activity
Sudden Death Associated with Morbid Obesity
Evaluating a Person Dying from a Fulminant Bacterial Infection
Criteria of Greene et al for Sudden Cardiac Death
Risk Factors for Sudden Death in a Person with Hobble Restraint for Excited Delirium
Risk Factors of Reay and Eisele for Death or Serious Complications Following Restraint with a Neck Hold (Carotid Sleeper, Choke Hold)
Clinical Classification of Marzuk et al for Murder-Suicide
Classification of Dietz for Mass, Serial and Sensational Homicides
Running Amok
Risk Factors for Infant Homicide (Infanticide) in the United States
Risk Factors of Craig for Infanticide and Neonaticide
Features of a Homicide Suggesting a Professional Contract Killing
Features of an Apparent Homicide Suggesting Staging By a Family Member
Features of a Murder Associated with Illegal Drug Trafficking
Homicide Using Herbal or Native Poisons
Homicide Injury Scale (HIS) of Safarik and Jarvis
Criteria for First Degree Murder, Secondary Murder and Manslaughter
Warning Signs of a Healthcare Provider Who Is a Serial Killer
Administrative Barriers in a Hospital Preventing Recognition of a Healthcare Provider Who Is a Serial Killer
FBI Criteria for Distinguishing Between Mass, Spree and Serial Homicide
Homicide as Management Policy in a Criminal Organization
Killing Execution-Style
Familicide-Suicide
Coup de Grace
Deciphering the Message of a Mafia Murder
Commercial Profit Murder
Error Reduction in Performing a Medicolegal Post-Mortem Examination
Error Reduction in Collecting Specimens for Toxicologic and Chemical Analysis During a Medicolegal Post-Mortem Examination
Error Reduction in Analyzing and Reporting the Findings from a Post-Mortem Examination
How to Avoid Not Being Intentionally Misled in a Death Investigation
Scale of Pritt et al for Grading Errors in a Death Certificate Completed by a Clinician
Error Reduction in the Examination of a Gunshot Victim
Error Reduction in Evaluating a Fire Victim
Error Reduction in Evaluating Bite Marks
Death After Being Gored By an Animal
Pseudo-Rigor Mortis (Putrefactive Rigor Mortis or Body Freezing)
Vital Reaction
Profile of the Typical Infant Abductor
Common Clues in Package or Mail Bombs
Checklist for a Person Receiving a Bomb Threat by Telephone
Classification of Marshall for Injuries Associated with an Explosive Device
Bomb Crime Scene Operation (SCENE Protocol)
The Stalking Behavior Checklist of Coleman
Risk Level for a Person Being Stalked
Classification of Wright et al for Interpersonal Stalking
Guidelines for the Determination of Death
Criteria of Goraya et al for Coronary Heart Disease Being the Cause of Death
Criteria of Elliott et al for Ketoacidosis Preceding Death
Armanni-Ebstein Phenomenon in the Kidneys of a Patient Dying of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Differential Diagnosis of Foam at the Mouth and Nostrils
Karoshi Death (Death from Overwork)
Health Risks in Victims of Human Trafficking
Factors Restraining a Female Victim of Human Trafficking
Factors Impacting the Success of Human Trafficking
Clues of Burke for Identifying a Sex Slave in the Emergency Department
Ways for People Involved in Body Recovery to Psychologically Handle the Task
Recommendations of Watson et al for the Management of Dead Bodies During a Natural Disaster
Risk Factors of Salter et al for Sexually Abusive Behavior in Sexually Victimised Males
Sexual Abuse Risk Factor Checklist of Finkelhor for Sexual Victimization of Girls
FBI Classification of Rapists
Forensic Evidence to Collect from a Rape Victim
Laboratory Analysis to Document the Presence of Semen
Risk Factors of Sugar et al for Physical Injury After Sexual Assault of an Adolescent or Adult Female
FBI Criteria for a Preferential Child Molester (Pedophile)
FBI Classification for Collectors of Child and Adolescent Pornography
Evaluation of a Possible Victim of Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault (Date Rape Drug)
Risk Factors of Mitchell et al for Sexual Solicitation of a Pediatric Patient Over the Internet
Anal Lesions in a Child That May Indicate Sexual Abuse
Material That May Fluoresce Under a Wood's Lamp
Use of an Alternative Light Source (ALS) for Detection of Semen on a Surface
Criteria of Reza et al for Different Types of Sexual Violence
Physical Findings of Hornor That May Be Misdiagnosed As Sexual Abuse
Physical Findings That May Be Seen After Sexual Assault with a Foreign Body
Consequences of Sexual Abuse During Childhood
Risk Factors of Kushel et al for Sexual Assault of a Homeless or Marginally Housed Person
Screening Tool of Floyed et al for a Evaluating a Pediatric Patient Following Sexual Assault
Factors of Thackeray et al Affecting Collection of DNA Evidence Following Acute Pediatric Sexual Assault
Body Packing
Potential Hazards Associated with a Clandestine Drug Laboratory
Hazards of Body Stuffing
Gross Pathologic Features in Strangulation
Accidental Asphyxiation During Hypoxia-Induced Sexual Stimulation or Autoerotic Practices
Determining the Distance That a Person Must Drop When Hanged
Causes of Death for a Person Being Hanged
Factors Affecting the Outcome of a Hanging
Criteria of Bell et al for Diagnosing Positional Asphyxia
Risk Factors of Byard et al for Positional Asphyxia
Pneumomediastinum and Cervical Soft Tissue Emphysema Associated with Hanging
Indicators of Financial Difficulties
Personation and Signature Behavior at a Crime Scene
Features of a Hate Crime
Modus Operandi (MO)
Copycat Crime
Criteria of DeHaan for Arson
Findings at a Fire That May Indicate a Profit-Motivated Arson
Major Reasons of Eckert for Fire Setting
Types of Witnesses
Criteria of Pollanen et al for the Diatom Test in Drowning
Sodium and Chloride Concentration in the Pleural Fluid of a Drowning Victim
Washerwoman Skin on a Body Immersed in Water
Suicide by Insulin Injection
Suicide by Sulfonylurea Ingestion
Risk Factors Associated with Workplace Violence
Risk Factors for Workplace Violence Involving Emergency Department Physicians
Prevention Strategies to Reduce or Prevent Workplace Violence
Phenolphthalein Test for Presumptive Identification of Blood
Orthotolidine (o-Tolidine) Test for Presumptive Identification of Blood
Impact Angle for a Blood Stain
Determining the Point of Origin from a Group of Blood Stains
Factors Affecting the Ability to Determine the Direction of a Blood Trail
Expiratory Blood Stains
Blood Stains From an Arterial Wound
Skeletonized Blood Stain
Epidermal Erosions Caused by Cockroaches, Ants or Other Insects
Features of Hesitation Marks in Suicide
Features of Defense Wounds
Distinction Between a Sharp and Blunt Force Wound
Abdominal Wounds Associated with Hara-Kiri
Pseudo-Stab Wounds Due to Dehiscence of Old Surgical Incisions
Classification of Caplan for the Cause of Death in a Patient Receiving Medical Care
Procedure of Reay et al for Investigating an Anesthetic or Surgical Death
Fatal Complications Associated with Migration of a Greenfield Filter Placed in the Inferior Vena Cava
Reviewing a Patient’s Medication History As Part of a Postmortem Examination (Drug Autopsy)
Fatal Complications of a Tracheostomy
Criteria of Fischer et al for Distinguishing Human from Dog Bites
Method of Sciulli and Pfau for Estimating a Child's Weight from Midshaft Diameter of the Femur
Risk Factors for a False Confession
Features of a Voluntary False Confession
Features of a Coerced (Involuntary) False Confession
Motivations for Assault By Burning
Complications in a Survivor of an Assault By Burning
Findings That May Identify the Driver in an Automobile or Pilot in an Airplane Accident
Dissolving a Body in Chemicals
Disposing of Body Under Water
Disposing of a Body with a Wood Chipper
Disposing of a Body By Feeding It To Pigs
Disposing of a Body By Dismemberment
Disposing of a Body By Burial
Reasons Why a Murderer May Not Dispose of a Body
Disposing of a Body By Burning
Complex Suicide (Combined Suicide)
Complicated Suicide
Precautions Needed at the Scene of a Toxic Chemical Suicide
Risk Factors of Henderson and Joseph Indicating That a Driver Tried to Commit Suicide
Equations of Felby et al for Estimating Ketone Bodies in the Blood Based on Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid or Vitreous Humor
Specimens to Collect and Store From a Patient with a Possible Inherited Metabolic Disorder
Ratio of Strontium Isotopes in Skeletal Remains to Determine the Victim's Region of Origin
Risk Factors for Hyperthermia Death of a Child Left in a Parked Vehicle
Pseudo-Washerwoman Skin in a Burnt Body
Possible Causes of Decapitation
Bloodletting Sign of Drug Overdose (Sole Incision, Phlebotomy, Etc)
Identification of Bone Marrow Edema on a Postmortem MRI to Distinguish Antemortem from Postmortem Fractures
Transverse Lacerations of the Carotid Artery Intima (Amussat's Sign)
Equations of Mohanty et al for the Length of the Humerus from Fragments
Equations of Hoppa and Gruspier for Estimating Diaphyseal Length of a Pediatric Long Bone from Incomplete Fragments
Vulnerable Persons At Risk for Abuse
Psychological Abuse
Tulip Classification of Perinatal Mortality
Risk Factors for Infant Suffocation Related to Nighttime Parenting Strategies
Sudden Death Secondary to Untreated Lyme Carditis
Double Deaths of a Married Couple (Philemon and Baucis Syndrome)
Homicide Associated with Delusional Jealousy (Othello Syndrome)
Sex Offender Levels
Causes of Unexpected Death After Discharge from the Emergency Department
Camouflaging Facial Emphysema from Repeated Valsalva Maneuvers
Sudden Death Secondary to Hyperthyroidism (Thyroid Storm, Thyroid Crisis)
Sudden Death Due to Hemorrhage from a Choroid Plexus Vascular Malformation
Homicide with an Ice Pick
Honor Killing (Honor Crime)
Human Trophy Killers
Differential Diagnosis of a Person Who Has Died While Intoxicated
Penn Injury Classification System (PICS) of Sommers et al: Genital Injury
Penn Injury Classification System (PICS) of Sommers et al: Nongenital Injury
Genital Injury Severity Scale (GISS)
Simon's Bleedings (Hemorrhage of the Intervertebral Disks)
Bowel Wall Hemorrhage Associated with Strangulation or Hanging
Summation of Sodium, Chloride and Potassium Concentrations in the Pleural Fluid of a Drowning Victim
Model of Zilg et al for Estimating the Post-Mortem Interval (PMI) from Vitreous Potassium Concentration
Fatal Injury from a Blank Cartridge
Estimating the Stature of an Adult Spaniard from Metatarsal Bones Using the Equations of Rodriguez et al
Equations of Trotter and Gleser for Estimating Stature from Gender, Race and Length of the Femur
Equations of Sciulli and Giesen for Estimating Stature from Gender and the Length of the Femur
Equation of Olivier for Estimating Stature of Pygmies from the Lengths of the Femur and Tibia
Equations of Genovese for Estimating Stature of an Hispanic Adult from Gender and Length of Leg Long Bones
Equation of Allbrook for Estimating Stature from the Length of the Tibia
When to Consider Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) at Peritnatal Autopsy
Sudden Death Associated with Pheochromocytoma
Sentinel Clot Sign and the Source of Hemorrhage
Homicide Using a Syringe-Like Dart Shot from a Crossbow
Prostitute (Sex Worker) Homocide
Incaprettamento (Ritual Ligature Strangulation) of the Italian Mafia
Necklacing (Burning a Tire Around the Neck)
Contract Killing
Execution by Burning in a Microwave Oven (Variant of Necklacing)
Kill Kit of a Serial Killer
Forensic Implications of Tattoos
Direct and Indirect Causes of Weather-Related Death
Evaluation of a Patient Who Has Died for Helium Gas Asphyxiation
Behaviors That Can Help to Identify a Person Who May Become an Active Shooter
Preventable Causes of Unexpected Death in a Patient in the Emergency Department
Burial in a Septic Tank
Suicide by Charcoal Burning with Generation of Carbon Monoxide
Equation of De Luca et al for Estimating Skeletal Age of an Italian Infant or Child from Wrist X-Ray
Equations of Curate et al for Determining Gender of Portugese Human Remains Based on Measurements of the Proximal Femur
Markings Associated with Blows from a Claw Hammer
Equations of Chavez-Martinez et al for Estimating the Age of Mexican Fetal Remains
Dead-in-Bed Syndrome in Diabetes Mellitus
Possible Clues to a Bomb's Location
Causes of Death for Someone Stuck in a Chimney
Differential Diagnosis of Drowning in a Bathtub
Ratio of Diatoms in Lung Tissue to Drowning Medium in the Diagnosis of Drowning
Unidentified and Unclaimed Bodies
Classification of Sauvageau and Boghossian for Asphyxia
Home Invasion
Common Causes of Neonatal Death in Singleton Term Pregnancies Delivered at Home
Suicide By Vehicle Assisted Ligature Strangulation (VALS)
Postmortem Analysis of a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED)
Abuse Using Pepper or Hot Pepper (Capsicum, Caspaicin) As an Irritant
Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS) of Berger et al to Screen for Abusive Head Trauma
Pet Depredation of a Dead Owner
Sudden Death Associated with an Occult Malignancy
Sudden Death Associated with Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Risk Factors of Wang et al for Sudden Death After Atrioventricular Junction Ablation and Pacemaker Implantation
Investigation of Unexplained Sudden Death in a Psychiatric Patient
History of Animal Cruelty in Serial Killers and the MacDonal Triad
Impact of Stalking on a Victim
Definition of Stalking
Stalking Behaviors
Classification of Holmes for a Stalker
Classification of Workplace Violence Based on the Perpetuator and Situation
Suicidal Asphyxia Associated with a Vitiated (Oxygen-Depleted) Atmosphere
The United Nations Definition for Human Trafficking from the Palermo Protocol
Duodenal Injuries in Children Associated with Physical Abuse
Postmortem Pink Teeth
Sudden Death Associated with an Intracranial Tumor (Meningioma, Glioblastoma)
Sudden Death Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma
Sudden Death in Craniosynostosis
Sudden Death Associated with Diaphragmatic Hernia
Sudden Death in a Patient with Hypocalcemia
Risk Factors of Lindbohm et al for Sudden Death Due to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Sudden Unexpected Death in Parkinson's Disease (SUDPAR)
Sudden Death Associated with Anabolic Steroids
Sudden Death Associated with an Atrial Myxoma
Sudden Death Associated with Chiari Type 1 Malformation
Sudden Death Associated with Infectious Aortitis
Differential Diagnosis of Death Associated with a Voodoo Curse
Genocide
Common Actions in a Genocide
Pseudo-Gunshot Wound Due to a Compound Rib Fracture
Postmortem Examination in a Person Who Has Died in a Grain Silo
Intravenous Injection of a Potassium Salt
Signs of Human Trafficking on an Airline
Grooming By a Sexual Predator
Warning Signs in a Child Suggestive of Grooming by a Sexual Predator
Criteria of Hall and Hall for a Child Molester
Types of Female Sex Offenders
Asphyxiation During Nitrous Oxide Inhalation
Brassiere Sign in Crush Asphyxia
The Choking Game
Isadora Duncan Syndrome (Strangulation by Scarf Caught in a Wheel Spoke)
Extortion (Blackmail, Protection Racket, Shakedown)
Drowning Index (DI)
Intentional Poisoning of Coworkers
Indicators of Potential Violence by an Employee
Flight as Response to an Active Shooter
Hiding as Response to an Active Shooter
Taking Physical Action Against an Active Shooter
Law Enforcement Response to an Active Shooter Situation
Emergency Action Plan (EAP) in Active Shooter Preparedness
Training and Drills for an Active Shooter Incident
Facility Preparations for an Active Shooter Event
Responsibilities of the Human Resources Department in Avoiding Active Shooter Incidents
Follow-Up of Active Shooter Event
Description and Motives of an Active Shooter
Strangulation Caused by a Feeding Tube
Suicide By Self Immolation (Setting Yourself on Fire)
4-Variable Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) Clinical Prediction Rule of Hymel et al (PediBIRN)
Estimating Living Stature from Skeletal Height
Adipocere
Sudden Death Due to Massive Hemopericardium
Lethal Injection
Capital Punishment
Suicidal Decapitation Using Detonating Cord (Det Cord)
Evaluation of a Patient with Enuresis for Abuse
BuRN-Tool of Kemp et al for Maltreatment from Burns: Scalds
BuRN-Tool of Kemp et al for Maltreatment from Burns: Nonscald burn
Nonexertional Sudden Death in Sickle Cell Disease
Sudden Death in Alcohol Misuse (SUDAM)
Causes of Sudden Death in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT, Osler-Weber Rendu Syndrome)
Differential Diagnosis of Liver Rupture After Blunt Force
Buried Alive
Screening Tool of Greenbaum et al for Child Sex Trafficking
Risk Factors for a Male Being Sexually Assaulted
Iatrogenic Death in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance (HFI)
Asphyxia Due to Blood Aspiration Following a Medical Procedure
Regression Tree of Moore and Schaefer to Estimate Body Weight from the Skeleton
Suicide by Oral Explosive
Suicide By Fire Extinguisher
Suicide Tourism
Suicide Hotspot
Screening Questionnaire of Snider et al for Intimate Partner Violence
DETECT Screening Tool of Cannell for Elder Mistreatment
Screen for Child Abuse with SPUTOVAMO-R
Equations of Garmendia et al to Estimate Stature for Adult Mexicans Using Long Bone Measurements
Mandibular Canine Index (MCI)
Decision Tree of Langley et al for Determining the Sex of Human Remains from the Skull
Method of Kim et al for Determining the Total Body Scoer (TBS) for a Decomposing Corpse
Sudden Death Associated with Scurvy
Sudden Death Due to Blood Aspiration or Intrapulmonary Hemorrhage
Sudden Death in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APML)
Sudden Death During Pregnancy Associated with Rupture of a Splenic Artery Aneurysm
Sudden Death Due to Acute Epiglottitis
Coprophagic Asphyxiation (Coprophagic Cafe Coronary)
Sudden Death Due to a Laryngeal Lesion
Sudden Cardiac Death in a Hemodialysis Patient
Sudden Death Associated with a Dental Abscess
Sudden Death Due to Acute Pancreatitis
Sudden Death Secondary to Advanced Penile Cancer
ST2-SCD Score of Lupon et al for Sudden Cardiac Death in an Outpatient with Heart Failure
Sudden Cardiac Death in a Patient with Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Sudden Death Associated with Carnitine Deficiency
Sudden Death Associated with an Impacted Esophageal Food Bolus
Police Use of Force Continuum (UFC)
Pathologic Findings Following a Fatal Neck Hold
Overkill
Grannicide
Total Number of Injuries (TNI)
Sum of All AIS Scores (SAIS)
Feud, Vendetta and Faida
Misdiagnosis of an Occult Overdose or Fatal Drug Interaction
Serial Bomber
Causes of Death in a Patient Abusing Opioids
Electric Fence Related Death
Fatal Hemorrhage from Varicose Veins
Explosion of a Fire Extinguisher
Death Associated with an Elevator
Models of Casali et al for Fatal Falls from a Height: Organ Model
Models of Casali et al for Fatal Falls from a Height: Region Model
Gross Pathologic Changes of Starvation
Findings of Simonsen Associated with Jumping from a Bridge into Water
Differential Diagnosis of Genital Mutilation at Autopsy
Traumatic Asphyxia (Perthes Syndrome, Thoracic Compression Syndrome)
Misplaced Intubation Tube During Prehospital Care
Death Following Elective Nasal Polypectomy
Parachuting-Related Suicide
Death Associated with a Dental Procedure
Sudden Death Associated with Chordoma or Ecchordosis Physaliphora
Sudden Death in Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis
Sudden Death Associated with Syphilitic Aneurysm
Sudden Death in a Patient with Rett Syndrome
Injury Patterns in Fatal Falls from Buildings in India
Selfie-Related Accidental Death
Classification of Tritschler et al for Cause of Death in a Patient with a Pulmonary Embolism
Troubleshooting a Drug Overdose Death with Negative Toxicology Testing
Alcohol (Ethanol) Implicated in the Cause of Death, Including Alcohol Poisoning
Death Associated with an Intragastric Balloon for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity
Fatal Urinothorax Secondary to Nephrolithotomy or Other Urinary Tract Procedure
Acid Violence (Acid Attack, Vitriolage, Vitriolism)
Aquatic Decomposition Score (ADS): Facial and Body Subscore (FADS, BADS)
Aquatic Decomposition Score (ADS): Limb Subscore (LADS) and Total (TADS)
Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) for a Body Drowning in Water
Equation of Reijnen et al for Estimating the Total Aquatic Decomposition Score (TADS) from the Accumulated Degree Days (ADD) for a Body Drowning in Water
Sudden Death Due to Acute Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Sudden Death Associated with Hemoptysis
Sudden Death in a Patient with Craniopharyngioma
Sudden Death Due to Coronary Artery Vasculitis with Thrombosis
Sudden Death Due to Spontaneous Rupture of a Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm
Failure to Report the Death of a Patient to the Coroner
Acid Bomb (Chemical Bomb)
Differential Diagnosis of Death Caused By Food
Investigation of a Sauna Death in Korea
Changes in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Associated with Ketoacidosis
Screening Questions of Mumma et al to Identify a Victim of Sex Trafficking
Suicide with an Explosive
Differential Diagnosis of a Green Discoloration of the Brain at Autopsy
Comet-Tailing at the Entrance Wound from a Plated Bullet (Pseudo-Gunpowder Stippling)
Criteria for a Mass Shooting (Mass Shooting Event)
Measurements of Savall et al for Sex Determination from the Coxal Bone
Heel-Ball (HB) Index
Drug Testing in Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)
Indications for Genetic and Metabolic Testing in a Sudden Unexpected Infant Death
Sudden Death in Cryptococcosis
Pokkuri Disease and Sudden Unexpected Cardiac Death (Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome, SUNDS)
Sudden Death Associated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Cardiotoxicity
Causes of Death Associated with Pica
Vera Institute of Justice Screening Tool for Human Trafficking: Shortened Scale (Rapid Appraisal for Trafficking, RAFT)
Preventable Death of a Trauma Patient
Equations of Zhang et al for Estimating Stature of a Chinese Adolescent or Adult From Lower Limb Bone Length
Sudden Death in a Patient with Coarctation of the Aorta
Sudden Death Associated with Coronary Artery Anomalies (CAA)
Risk Factors of Oliver et al for Sudden Cardiac Death in an Adult with Congenital Heart Disease
Sudden Death in a Patient with Myotonic Dystrophy Type I
Sudden Death in Cold-Induced Sweating Syndrome (CISS, Crisponi Syndrome)
Twinkie Defense
Fire or Explosion of a Medical Device Containing a Lithium Battery
Descriptive Features of a Mass Grave
Methods of Detection for a Mass Grave
Suicidal Iron Overdose
Cannibalism
Vampirism
Cerebral Tissue Pulmonary Embolism After Severe Head Trauma
Fetal Death Associated with Maternal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
SUDEP-CARE Score for Predicting Sudden Death in an Adult with Drug-Resistant Focal Epilepsy
Revised SUDEP-7 Inventory
Sudden Death Associated with a Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Neck
Sudden Death in a Video Gamer
Prone Restraint Cardiac Arrest (PRCA, Restraint Asphyxia)
Depravity Standard
Snuff Film
Parental Motives for Child Murder (Filicide)
Wischnewsky (Wischnewski) Lesions, Spots or Ulcers
Atrial-Esophageal-Thoracic Fistula After Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Predictors of Yu et al for the Repeated Occurrence of Domestic Violence
Child Neglect Associated with Video or Internet Gaming Disorder
PredAHT Model for Abusive Head Trauma: Full Regression Model
PredAHT Model for Abusive Head Trauma: REduced Regression Model
PredAHT Model for Abusive Head Trauma: Clinical Rule
Retinal Hemorrhages and Abusive Head Trauma
Rankings of Certainty When Reviewing a Case of Alleged Pediatric Abusive Trauma
Risk Factors for Domestic Abuse Against the Husband (Battered Husband Syndrome)
Reasons Why a Husband May Not Report Being Domestically Abused (Battered Husband Syndrome)
Formula of Yamashita et al for Estimating Age in Postmortem Examinations of Japanese Adults
Sex Determination of a Palm Print from an Adult
Predictive Score of Polavarapu et al for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden Death due to Brainstem Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Risk Factors for Sudden Death in a Patient Being Treated for Head and Neck Cancer
Sudden Death Due to Sequestration Crisis in a Patient with a Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathy
Sudden Death Due to Kawasaki Disease
Sudden Death in a Woman with a History of Preeclampsia or Eclampsia
Sudden Death Associated with a Laryngeal Tumor
Causes of Haghighat et al for Sudden Death in the Homeless
Differential Diagnosis of Death Soon After Arrest
Homicidal Poisoning with Paraquat
Hyperthermia-Related Death in Multiple Sclerosis, Including Death While Bathing
Grades of Adams et al for Cerebral Contusions
Grades of Omalu et al for Cerebral Contusions
Total Contusions Index (TCI)
Drug-Facilitated Assault with Scopolamine
Equations of Rognum et al for Estimating the Time Since Based on Vitreous Analysis and Ambient Temperature
Sudden Unexpected Death Due to Clostridial Sepsis
Sudden Cardiac Death in a Patient with a Deficiency of PPA2 (Mitochondrial Inorganic Pyrophosphatase)
Death of a Prisoner Due to Withdrawal or Detoxification
Justifiable Homicide
Matricide
Criteria of Nielsen et al for the Postmortem Diagnosis of Lymphocytic Myocarditis
Screening Tool of Hurst et al for Identifying a Minor in the Emergency Department Who Is Being Sex Trafficked
War Crime
Fecal Pulmonary Embolism
Absence of Fingerprints
PediBIRN-7 Clinical Prediction Rule of Hymel et al for Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: Definitional Criteria Used for Validation
PESUDY Protocol for Investigating the Sudden Unexplained Death in a Pediatric Patient
Sudden Death Associated with Hemorrhage from a Hepatic Adenoma
One Punch Assault and Death (Saltama Syndrome)
Euthanasia and Masked Euthanasia
Muslim Headscarf (Hijab) as a Cause of Death
Determination of Hemorrhage as the Cause of Death
United Nations Definition of an Organized Crime Group
Predictors of Bauer et al for Gang Membership
Factors Which Reduce the Risk of Youth Gang Membership
Factors Determining Membership in a Prison Gang
Percentage Risk of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Based on the PediBIRN-3
Percentage Risk of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Based on the PediBIRN-4
Estimating the Risk of Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) Based on the Pattern of Responses to the PediBRN-7
False Memory Syndrome (FMS)
Fetal or Neonatal Death Associated with Hereditary Factor X Deficiency
Sudden Death Associated with Energy Drinks (Stimulant Cardiac Syndrome)
Sudden Death in a Patient with Achondroplasia
Risk Factors for Sudden Death in a Patient with a Heart Transplant
Evaluation of a Dead Person in a Trash Compactor
Prognostic Factors of Gueddoum et al for a Patient After Near Hanging
Postmortem Findings in the Respiratory Tract of a Drowning Victim
Blood Stain Detection with Luminol
Mobbing
2021 Equations of Remy et al for Estimating the Age of a Pediatric Patient From a Hand Radiograph
Sudden Death in a Postpartum Woman with Aortopathy
Causes of Sudden Death in a Patient with Esophageal Carcinoma
Methods of Hood et al for Catching a Serial Killer
Delay in Identifying a Serial Killer
Risk Factors for Missing a Fatal Head Wound
Female Stalker
Stalking Assessment Index-Victimization (SAI-V)
Death Caused by Inhalation of Poison Ivy Smoke
Risk Factors of Kumari et al for Workplace Violence Against a Healthcare Professional
Workplace Violence Against Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT)

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